The Deerslayer Essays - The Deerslayer, Cinema Of The United States

The Deerslayer Judith vs. Hetty Sisters throughout history have been to eachother: friends, playmates, adversaries, confidantes, soul mates and ?significant others?, but the most important bond they share is their sisterly love. This bond stands out and sets it apart from all others. The sisterly love that Judith and Hetty Hutter possessed never seemed to reach its full potential. This may be due to the fact that they were sisters who were different in every way possible. This sisterly conflict creates great diversity and themes for the book ?The DeerSlayer? by James Fenimore Cooper. Due to the fact that their mother died when they were young, Judith being the older one, naturally took the leadership and mothering responsibilities over the two. They had been raised by their father Tom Hetter on Lake Glimmerglass, New York. Each sister, in her own aspect was a leader and a follower. Though Hetty in her own aspect took on the missionary duties of converting the Mingos. Physically and personality wise the two were as opposite as north and south. Judith was tall, dark, and beautiful, always attracting the military men nearby. Hetty on the contrary was short, pale, and rather plain looking. Despite the judgements on their appearances, their personalities proved to be very contrasting and conflicting. Preferences of lifestyle created much conflict and unspoken bitterness between the two girls. Hetty preferred to life a simple and moral life, while sharing her Christian faith with the Mingos, in hopes to convert them. Judith on the other hand wanted to go to bigger and better places, to new settlements being formed, vying away from simpleness and heading into booming towns. She wanted to leave the simple life and good morality that she had been raised on. Judith had a lust for life while Hetty humbly took it step by step. Personality and character-wise Hetty and Judith were exact opposites. Judith bore not only good looks but also intelligence to compliment her physical beauty. Hetty was once described as having ?less intellect than ordinary falls to the share of human beings.? It was known amongst the lake that Hetty infact was slow and retarded, with a simple yet humble mind. Judith did recognize this weakness and took advantage of it. She had grown up thinking herself not as an equal to Hetty, but as a better person. This is evident through out the story. At one point Judith and the Deerslayer are searching for the wealth hidden in the treasure chest. They search high and low throughout the barge, including through Judith's luxurious possessions when the happen upon Hetty's simple ones. Judith states in a tone of betterment, ?'These are only the clothes of poor Hetty, dear simple girl!' she said; ?nothing we seek would be likely to be there.'? Judith has become a self-seeking, self-righteous woman, only seeking out things in life that benefited her. The favoritism of Judith over Hetty by their father is constantly seen in the story. Hetty had belongings said to be ?plain and simple, and of not much value,? while Judith possessed ?items of great worth and pride, belonging only to a woman of such exquisite beauty.? Ironically it was Hetty who adored and loved the father who favored her sister over her. At Tom's death, he confessed that he was not their real father. With this news Hetty responded with much grief, for she loved this man who had so lovingly protected them and raised them all these years. Judith responded to the news with a pleasing attitude, for her and Tom never shared the love that him and Hetty did, in fact ?there had never been sufficient intimacy between Tom and his daughter (Judith),? which possibly gave her a reason and a defense for her emotions. Hetty did not contain her own identity apart from her sister. Constantly Hetty was masked in the shadows of her older and more beautiful counterpart. One may think that Hetty subliminally recognized her status, and instead of fighting it, she just dealt with it. Hetty once described herself to others as ?Judith Hutter's sister, and Thomas Hutter's younger daughter.? Instead of relating herself to her father, the name bearer, protector and honor of the family, she related herself to

Book Editor How to Work with an Editor For the Best Result

Book Editor How to Work with an Editor For the Best Result Book Editor: How to Work with an Editor For the Best Result Choosing the right book editor means the difference between tons of book sales and 5-star reviewsand a book that flops.I dont care who you are even if youre an editor yourself you need to get your book edited. This is a non-negotiable when it comes to self-publishing.If this is your first time writing and self-publishing a book, then working with a book editor may be novel ground. (Pun intended. Hardy-har-har.)Let’s get one thing out of the way: we encourage all self-published authors to hire a book editor. Nothing will tank a book faster than a whole bunch of reviews complaining about typos.A good book editor can help turn your bookfrom a ho-hum draft into a polished manuscript. To give your book the best chance of success that you can, and get a pro to get your manuscript into tiptop shape before publication.A lot of first-time authors make the mistake of editing their book to death, never progressing far enough to finish their book and getting to the publishing phase.Othe rs think they can toss a messy draft at an editor and expect them to fix everything. There’s a happy medium between making your draft good enough for an editor- and trusting when it’s time for your editor to step in and take over.With that in mind, in this article, we help you navigate the process of getting your book edited- both by you and your editor- so you can get published faster.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereBefore we get into our seven tips for getting your book through the editing phase, lets take a look at what an editor does and why its crucial you have one.What exactly does a book editor do?A book editor is someone who reads through your book several times, correcting for grammar, punctuation, structure, content, and more, depending on the type of editor you hire.Essentially, a book editor is there to help your book become the finalized version with the outcome being what you intended.Because lets face it, no matter how hard we try, we cant always get the book right by ourselves. We know all of the content, the message, the theme, and were far too close to the work to understand how an outsider will perceive it.An editor works as that outsider as well as someone who views it with a critical eye. They can help you alter the book so your intended purpose is fulfilled by its end.What type of edit does your book need?Not everyone will need the same type of edit because everyone has varying levels of skill.For example, someone who has a great mind for structure but lacks in the technical skills of writing will benefit more from a line edit versus a developmental edit.That being said, here at Self-Publishing School, we highly recommend all writers of all skill levels get a full edit, which often includes copy, line editing, and developmental edits.Heres a table detailing each type of edit and what th ey entail.Type of EditWhat it MeansCopy EditingIn this type of edit, the editor will correct sentence structure, inconsistencies, tense, spelling and grammar, as well as some content feedback.ProofreadingThis is what most people think of when they think "editor." This type is when your punctuation, word choice, dialogue structure, and more is corrected.Structural EditThis is where the editor organizes the structure, moves pieces around, and suggests changes based on how the information comes across in its order.Developmental EditThis type of edit is when the editor pays close attention to how each chapter builds on the previous, as well as comments and feedback on the content itself.#1 Edit Quickly If you make the mistake of editing extensively, especially while you’re still actively writing, you potentially set yourself up for a major headache, which can delay publishing your book.Look at the example of Scott Allan. Before he joined Self-Publishing School, he spent two year s working on a voluminous self-help tome.His first draft clocked in at an impressive 90,000 words. He spent months perfecting each word. In the blink of an eye, six more months had elapsed, and he had not only sucked himself into the drain of editing, he hadn’t written anything new since he became stuck in self-edit mode.For one year, he wrote (and rewrote!) the book three times. Why, you might wonder? In his words, â€Å"I suppose I didn’t know any better, first of all. That was before I learned the expression ‘Done is better than perfect.’I was under the impression that it wasn’t done until it was perfect.† Months later, he found an expensive editor to take on his book, but the author couldn’t stop tweaking the material.Tweaking lead to rewriting†¦and the book which had been so carefully drafted, then rewritten, then tweaked, never saw the light of day. The book was never actually published.Allan says, â€Å"Painful lesson lear ned: Unpublished books don’t make money!† Eventually, the author went on to write Pathways to Mastery and publish it on Amazon. Using the lessons learned during his first failed self-publishing attempt, the author spent just eight months writing and only two months editing this time.Since writing Pathways to Mastery, Allan has gone on to write and publish three more books, with a significant reduction in writing and editing time for each successive book.His latest book was in the editing phase for only three weeks.Key Takeaway: An unpublished draft won’t earn any money or build your author name. Keep it simple: Draft first, then edit quickly.#2 Accept Imperfections Letting go of perfectionism is one of the hardest things to do. It sounds doable in theory, but in practice? It’s a challenge.Many writers strive for perfection- the perfect grammar, spelling, and choice of words. Especiallywhen the story we’re putting out there is our first book, or abo ut an intensely personal topic, it ups the ante significantly. We’ve been there, and we get it.Here’s what you need to remember: Nothing in life is perfect. No person, book, nor writer.You can spend forever and your book still won’t be 100% â€Å"perfect.† The editing phase can be rough because of the personal investment and attachment we have to our books.Key Takeaway: Instead of striving for the mythical unicorn of book perfection, strive for a reality-based â€Å"as good as this book can be.†#3 Do a Quick First RevisionBefore you give your book to your editor, you want to do a read-through to catch any glaring errors.Say this with me: rip off the Band-Aid. Make your first revision fast. Here’s the best way to make that change of phase from writing to editing: when you’re done with your first draft, circle back and do a quick-and-dirty first revision.This involves a rapid read of the book, just to get a feel of what you’ve w ritten. Brace yourself. This phase might just be the most painful part of the editorial process. This is because it’s the first time you’re looking at your book with a critical eye and reviewing the results of your first draft.You need to make sure your book makes sense and that it doesn’t miss any words that would confuse a reader to the point that they don’t understand what you’re trying to say.This will reduce the back-and-forth hand-offs between you and your editor and will shorten to overall editing phase.If you notice any major problems, like plot holes or missing information, make a note of them but save these bigger edits for the next round of revisions.Your mental game needs to be strong here. You’re going to think, â€Å"I really suck. I hate writing, I hate my book, and I’d rather watch Netflix than ever look at this crap again.†The Buddha once said: â€Å"All things must pass.† Namaste, my friend. You’ ll get through this phase and eventually love yourself (and your writing!) again.Key Takeaway: Give your book the chance it deserves. Right now, it’s just you alone with your book. Make this first revision quick.#4 Read Your First Pass Out LoudDuring your first pass, it’s necessary to read your book out loud to yourself. Your ear processes words in a way that your eyes may not so this gives you sense of pacing, chapter structure, and tone.While you’re reading out loud, try to read through the eyes of a reader. Imagine what your ideal reader looks like and how they’d feel reading this. Visualize their experience with your book.During this read-through, don’t stop to make large corrections. Just use a red pen or highlighter to take notes of the obvious mistakes. Simply mark or circle these errors to come back to later.Put yourself on the clock when you do this. Time yourself for ten-twenty minutes per chapter and keep reading the whole draft through to completion.Key Takeaway: Reading out loud during your first pass can help with tone and pacing. Do this quickly, with a timer.#5 Delve Deeper With a Second PassYour next step is to go back to the beginning of the book and do a second pass. Your second revision should delve deeper. As you read, stay alert to passages that have â€Å"holes† or sections of the book which need to be filled out more.Think of the analogy of building a home: First the frame goes up, then you build the walls. Keep adding to your book until your story and message is clear. Some of us have a tendency to change our voice from one paragraph to the next.Tone shift is something that a strong editor will pick up on, but to the extent you can make things consistent, you should. As this point, your book should be more polished.This is also the stage in which you should focus on making your book stronger by getting rid of weak verbs and replacing them with stronger verbs, like in this video of a live-edit below: Your book still isn’t perfect (remember we cautioned against perfect!) but at this stage, you should have a working manuscript which should be close to publishable. Key Takeaway: Your second pass should fill in the gaps in your story or chapters, and keep tone consistent.#6 Hand Over the Reins to an EditorOne of the hardest parts of the editorial relationship is handing over your passion project to a complete stranger.You may be thinking, â€Å"What? I’m giving it to a complete stranger who doesn’t know me- and doesn’t understand the blood, sweat, and tears that went into this- just so they can mark it up and tell me about all the things I did wrong?!†There’s a reason the editor-writer relationship can feel fraught. It’s because while your book is deeply personal to you, whereas for the editor, it’s just another day at the office. Your editor’s job is to care about the flow of the book, the grammar, spelling, an d in some cases, content.They will take your draft and elevate it to a readable manuscript. Try not to take it personally or push back at their criticism. Your editor will shape your draft into a â€Å"good† book to publish. Notice the deliberate choice of words- we didn’t say perfect!A â€Å"good† book is enjoyable, useful, readable and publishable.Key Takeaway:Dont take your editors constructive criticism personally. You have the same end goal: a good book!#7 Impersonate a Certain Disney PrincessTime to just Let it Go. Send your draft off to your editor and celebrate. Put up your feet and queue up your Netflix binge.You’ve certainly earned it! By the time you’re done with your own revisions and have added and subtracted material, your editorial return time shouldn’t take more than a week- or two, max.Key Takeaway: Just get your draft into the hands of your editor! Let them worry now. You’ve done the heavy lifting. It’s easy to get bogged down in perfection, and its temptingto hold on tightly to your work.It can be a natural reaction to pouring your heart and soul into your dreams. But the quicker you can move your first draft through to the editing phase, the sooner you’ll achieve your dream of a published book.Your Next StepsWhether youre just getting ready to write or, even scarier, to edit, were here for you.Take a look at your FREE training that will give you an overview of just what you need to do to get started.

B.Ed Notes of Communication

Principle of appropriate feedback Principle of facilitators and barriers of communication Verbal Communication: Oral; Written; Oral and written Non Verbal Communication Facial Expression Language of the eye Body language Sound Symbols Symbolic Code language ? ? Desirable Undesirable ? Â  Maieunic theory of Teaching Communication theory of Teaching (Herbartian) Moulding Theory of Teaching (conditioning) The Mutual inquiry theory of Teaching Gagne’s hierarchical theory of instruction Atkinson’s Optimal learning theory of Instruction Bruner’s Cognitive theory of Instruction Gage’s cognitive theory of teaching \ Ryan’s theory of Teaching behaviour Clark’s general theory of teaching Mitra’s psychological theory of teaching Mangal Mangal: Theories of Teaching Communication and Teaching Learning J C Aggarwal: Communication, Information Technology and computers in Education ? What is Classroom communication? What are the principles of an effective classroom communication?

Business report about Mountain West Health Plans Inc Essay

Business report about Mountain West Health Plans Inc - Essay Example This had become a problem to the management because it was labor intensive and consumed two thirds of the annual budget. Therefore, the company’s management had been yearning for Evelyn Gustafson’s replacement so that they could curb the increasing labor costs. Evelyn Gustafson had a long history with the company because she had worked there for a long time. She started her career as a customer service staff until she was promoted to being the director of customer service. Her leadership style was centered on putting oneself in the position of the subordinates. She used this style due to her experience in working in that department, and she understood what the employees went through. In her leadership style, she focused on involving the employees in the tasks by making them understand the company products and policies. She also focused on the quality of service that the subordinates offered to customers. In addition, Evelyn emphasized on employee training on the product s, problem solving and customer service techniques, which helped to ensure customer satisfaction. Her relationship oriented leadership style also involved ensuring the comfort of employees when performing their tasks by allowing them flexible schedules and breaks. However, her leadership style was not was not appealing to the top management, and they endeavored to change it after her retirement by appointing Erick Rasmussen to the post of director of customer service. Erik Rasmussen is a fresh college graduate in business administration, and therefore, he has no experience in the post. He sought to embrace a leadership style that ensured that the top management objectives of lowering costs of operation were achieved. He used a no-nonsense bureaucratic approach in directing and controlling the employees. He introduced the use of performance measurement standards to measure efficiency and performance of employees. This method measures employee performance based on the number of calls or customers that they handle per hour. This approach emphasizes on working speeds of subordinates, and requires them to handle as many customers as possible during their working time. This method would help to reduce the number of employees being employed in the department. His method also introduced a regulation requiring employees to work in monitored schedules. He ensured that employees spent minimal time on each customer they attend to with an objective of reducing call hold time. This method was completely different from the previously used method, which the employees were used to. Through Rasmussen’s method, the company achieved its objective of efficiency and non-flexible scheduling and cutting back on costs associated with employees. A leader should focus on being in charge of command, organizing and directing, setting processes in motion, and being the reason for others to act or change (Scouler and Chapman, 2012). Leadership styles are classifications of the leader ’s behavior in performance of their duties, during our study of the Mountain West Health Plans Inc’s customer service department; we identified several leadership issues, which are highlighted below. Firstly, there is no connection between the leader and the employees (Hendricks, n.d). We found that the leader does not understand the needs

ASTR 123 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

ASTR 123 - Assignment Example This theory however, fails to account for the possibility of the huge unconceivable numbers of comets that could have collided or passed near earth for this to have happened. It is believed that during the formation of the earth e.g. the big bang process and later developments, the materials that formed it contained large amounts of water that condensed and later collected, resulting in its large surface water volumes. Though this could be a possibility, the earth’s surface was less massive during the development stages leading to its gravity being too weak to hold the waters from escaping its surface at that stage. This fails to explain the almost immediate existence of water after the earth’s formation. The Snowball earth theory explains that at least once, massive glaciations occurred on earth that left almost the whole of it--if not its entire surface -- completely frozen. The theory has convincingly tried to explain the existence of similar sedimentary deposits found especially at the tropical paleolatitudes. Despite the many suppositions of the theory, it however, cannot feasibly be dependent on as it contradict known facts and theories such as the origin of glacial models and the slushball earth hypothesis. The surface of Europa is believed to be covered in thick ice crust, which prompts scientists to conclude that there is a possibility of a large salty water body rich in chemicals beneath the ice. These combined, form basic necessities required by extreme microbial life forms to thrive. Heat from tidal flexing regulates the energy changes and provides the necessary energy for microbe survival. Sulphur and sulphuric acid deposits in Europa has little resemblance with some extreme conditions on earth where microbes like pioneering bacteria evolved and mastered basic survival skills without directly getting their energy from the

TR places Essay Example for Free

TR places Essay (1)Future opportunities: aircraft digital realm -growing number of airlines. how to cooperate with all the airlines? -From 2006, it was estimated that air traveler will grow 6.2% per year in the next 20 years. -Wi-Fi installation (ubiquitous connectivity)+BYOD (97% of passengers) (2)In-flight shoppers characteristics: -their main value: brand product with great deal -same as non-in-flight passenger, they pursue convenience (i.e. reduce shopping time, saving physical effort, saving of aggravation) and variety-seeking.not that important when thinking about marketing strategy. -with short communication how to present completely information about product? 82% passengers tend to read duty-free magazines in flight; 37% for filling in time and 25% want to see whats available, searching for some exclusive product. Some airline add more crew to sale in flight, for example, Cathay Pacific estimates the sales of duty-free in-flight increases 20% every year. -older earn more money people are the main purchaser,  though there are more younger passengers take air travel. -they are brand conscious, price conscious (40% passengers buy things in-flight for duty-free reason, and 22% think they can get cheaper price in-flight than domestic shops.), and les risk perceptive. However, since there are often well-known band product sold in flight, they tend to worry less about the quality of product. Regarding prices, 46% passengers spend no more than euro 50 dollars, and 39% spend between euro 51 to 100 dollars.how to do pricing? -has positive attitude toward advertising. alcohol and cosmetics remain the dominant items of sales, 63% buy duty-free for their families and themselves.people you care; treat yourself reason. -most of passengers seem time on the plane is their leisure time. (3)Reasons for why they purchase: Passengers types: Arrivals, Transfers, Locals (will show in different area) Flow-management should be concerned when do marketing planning. passengers care about relaxing and low load atmosphere (light, layout, design of the travel retails, promotion, customer services), they go to airport to travelling reason but not purchasing. 52% think atmosphere is important, and 38% admit that they are affected by the amount of people in the shops. now 33.5% think waiting areas are too crowded, but still 27% think relaxing. (different airport ) Areas: pre-boarding areas, walkthroughs -more crowded, less buying; cleaner and more open, more buying. Customers dwelling time is a significant issue. how to activate the impulse purchasing? Atmosphere traveling feeling (Ads, commercials, layouts) + people density (FB, spa) + exclusive or customized product (gift) + services (make-up) + special promotion (festival) + enough information (IT)premise is they have time, if not, try to activate them do purchasing in flight Constraint: the availability of material concerning the duty-free market.hoe to build Internet platform? Idea: LANCOME, your journey companion. treat yourself and who you care about; choose one kind of fragrance to memorize the journey. change the ads. new customers developmen, business men who cant travel with their love this time, as a promising symbol I think about you during travel, and hopefully we can go out together next time . LANCOME, as a symbol for love- love yourself and people you care and passion-passion for travel (red rose) Dubai duty-free: No.1 revenue in the world; for 28yrs existence; the largest airport retail operation in the world. special promotions (ex. lottery for luxury car). Chinese traveler: Kwan_Siu Lan.pdf DOWNTOWN DUTY-Free SHOP Duty-free shops (or stores) are retail outlets that are exempt from the payment of certain local or national taxes and duties, on the requirement that the goods sold will be sold to travelers who will take them out of the country. Which products can be sold duty-free vary by jurisdiction, as well as how they can be sold, and the process of calculating the duty or refund the duty component. However, some countries impose duty on goods brought into the country, though they had been bought duty-free in another country, or when the value or quantity of such goods exceed an allowed limit. Duty-free shops are often found in the international zone of international airports, sea ports, and train stations but goods can be also bought duty-free on board airplanes and passenger ships. They are not as commonly available for road or train travelers, although several border crossings between the United States and  both Canada and Mexico have duty-free shops for car travelers. In some countries, any shop can participate in a reimbursement system, such as Global Blue where a sum equivalent to the tax is paid, but then the goods are presented to the customs and the sum reimbursed on exit. These outlets were abolished for intra-EU travellers in 1999, but are retained for travelers whose final destination is outside the EU. They also sell to intra-EU travelers but with appropriate taxes. Some special member state territories such as Ã…land,Livigno and the Canary Islands, are within the EU but outside the EU tax union, and thus still continue duty-free sales for all travelers. Tax Free World Association (TFWA) announced that in 2011 Asia-Pacific, with 35 percent of global duty-free and travel retail sales, beat Europe and Americas, with these regions accounting for 34 percent and 23 percent respectively. 31 percent of sales came from the fragrances and cosmetics category, followed by the wine and spirit category with 17 percent and then comes tobacco products.[1] Duty-free shopping away from ports Some duty-free shops operate in central business districts away from airports or other ports. In Japan, for example, any visitor whose passport indicates that they have been in the country for less than six months can buy duty-free items. Duty-free shops are also a mainstay in the Akihabara electronic shopping district of Tokyo. In Thailand, the King Power chain has shops where duty-free items are pre-purchased and delivered separately to the airport to be picked up on departure. For certain other purchases, a VAT refund may be claimed at the airport upon departure.[8] In the Philippines, there is one shopping mall called the Duty Free Philippines Fiestamall, which is located a few miles away from Ninoy Aquino Airport as opposed to being at the airport itself. It is the only shopping mall of its kind in the world. The goods that are sold in this mall are often imported products which come from around the world (mainly from USA, Asia andAustralasia) and are not found in any other shop ping malls in the country, aside from duty-free malls. Tourists, visitors and returning citizens of Philippines often pay a visit to this mall shortly after their arrival (since only arriving passengers and their companions are allowed access).[9] In order to gain entry, a passport is needed to be presented and  registered at the Customer Registration Counter at the entrance of the mall. The customer will then be issued a shopping card; these shopping cards must be presented to the cashier for validation of purchases. Arriving customers are given a certain tax-free allowance on purchases and anything in excess will be subject to local and national taxes. In the past, the mall used to only accept US dollars and Philippine peso but in recent years, it had begun accepting other currencies such as Japanese yen, Brunei dollar,Australian dollar, British pound, Canadian dollar, Swiss franc, Saudi riyal, Bahraini dinar, and Thai baht. Currency exchange booths are also available inside the mall if a customer wishes to exchange currencies into Philippine pesos or US dollars. Credits cards can also be used for purchasing goods.[10] In Australia, duty-free shops have all but disappeared after the introduction of the GST in 2000. Currently, duty-free shops are nearly all located within international airports. Residents and tourists are now allowed to purchase virtually any physical good within 60 days of departure,[11] which needs to be taken on the outward flight, and claim the GST component back through the Tourist Refund Scheme when passing through customs. Consumers are now free to fully use their items prior to departure. This is in contrast prior to 2000, where all purchases had to be packed by the duty-free store in a sealed clear plastic bag, and could only be broken open by customs staff just prior to departure. [12] Duty-free outside the airports in the EU Any traveller living in a country outside the EU VAT area is entitled to shop tax-free at participating shops in the EU. The traveller pays the VAT on goods in the shop in the usual way, and can request a refund when exporting the goods. To qualify, the traveller must: have residency in a non-EU country have a maximum stay of six months within the EU make purchases no more than three months prior to export obtain a form from the shop where he or she makes the purchase present the form, and in certain cases the goods, to a customs officer when leaving the EU, where they will be stamped Only goods meant for personal use are eligible for the refund. The stamped forms and receipts can then be sent back to the retailers, or their agents, for a refund. In most cases, a minimum purchase applies to use the tax-free shopping scheme. The actual  amount of VAT reclaimable depends on the VAT rate applicable in the particular country to the goods purchased, and may be subject to a deduction for administration fees. Security considerations Travelers on long-haul routes with at least one transit stop between their departure airport and destination airport should be careful to purchase their duty-free alcohol or perfume at the last transit port, as otherwise they may have it confiscated by security when they board at the transit port, as they will be exceeding the current limit on liquids in hand baggage. This does not apply to passengers transferring within the EU, Singapore and Croatia on the same day, as long as the liquid item is sealed in a plastic bag with the receipt showing in the bag. Arrivals duty-free shops are now becoming more common. Most of South and Central America, and the Caribbean have such shops, as does SE Asia and Oceania. Switzerland and Canada are looking to introduce them in 2010, this method of retail removes any security problems for the transit of liquids as they are not carried on aircraft.[13] Several airlines do not allow sales of certain sharp objects in-flight due to security risk. Other objects that have sharp parts, such as model airplanes, may be bought in-flight but received at the passengers home address for the same reason. Inbound duty-free Some countries, including Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Iceland, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, and Taiwan have inwards duty-free facilities, where arriving passengers can purchase duty-free items immediately before going through customs. This not only saves the inconvenience of having to carry these items around the world but also solves the security problem mentioned above. Other countries such asCanada and Sweden have been considering duty-free on arrival. The European Union does not permit arrivals duty-free stores; some EU airports sell goods on arrival in the baggage claim area described as Tax-Free, but these goods are all tax-paid sales, the local sales tax is discounted. Normally, discounted liquors or tobacco products cannot be bought when arriving into an EU Member State as there is often a high local Excise Duty on these goods as well as the local sales tax (VAT/IVA/TVA) which is included in the price.  In some EU Territories the tax on tobaccos and liquors is lower than in other EU countries, which is why the prices still seem competitive and look like duty-free prices. A good example is the difference in tobacco prices between the UK and Ireland, compared to Spain or Portugal. Legal basis It is a common feature of most tax systems that taxes are not raised on goods to be exported. To do so would place the goods at a disadvantage to those from other countries. Either the tax system allows the goods to be exported without taxes (stored prior to export in a bonded warehouse), or taxes can be claimed back when they are exported (see VAT). Such exemption also applies to goods supplied for use on ships and aircraft, because they are consumed outside the country. Businesses supplying such goods can do so tax- and duty-free. Goods sold to passengers on board ships or aircraft are tax free. The passenger can either consume them on board, or import them tax-free into the country they are traveling to, so long as they are within the travelers duty-free allowance. Most tax regimes also allow travelers entering a country to bring in a certain amount of goods for personal use without paying tax on them, the so-called duty-free allowance; because it is not economically justifiable t o collect the small amounts of tax involved, and would be an inconvenience to the passengers. A duty-free shop works under the same system. The goods must be exported intact (they cannot be consumed in the airport), and they are importing into the destination country under that countrys own tax rules. In some countries, in order to ensure that goods are exported intact, they are hand-delivered in a closed bag to the passenger at the gate after his ticket is scanned. In the United States, duty-free shops are technically considered class 9 Bonded Warehouses with regard to the U.S. Customs Border Protection: Class 9. Bonded warehouse, known as duty-free stores, used for selling, for use outside the Customs territory, conditionally duty-free merchandise owned or sold by the proprietor and delivered from the Class 9 warehouse to an airport or other exit point for exportation by, or on behalf of, individuals departing from the Customs territory for destinations other than foreign trade zones. Pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 1555(b)(8)(C), Customs territory, for purposes of duty-free stores, means the Customs territory of the U.S. as defined in 101.1(e) of this chapter, and foreign trade zones (see part 146 of this  chapter). All distribution warehouses used exclusively to provide individual duty-free sales locations and storage cribs with conditionally duty-free merchandise are also Class 9 warehouses. Moreover, in the U.S. some duty-free stores will sell their goods to domestic passengers with appropriate taxes included. Alcohol and tobacco products are restricted to international passengers only and subject to the age limitations of 21 and 18 respectively, even though the age one must be to import those items into other countries may be lower.

Classical Conditioning Essay -- essays research papers

Green Light Go, Red Light Stop   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classical conditioning shapes many of society’s common, everyday tasks. Whether we know it or not, many actions we do numerous times a day are a direct result of classical conditioning. To better understand why we act the way we do in society, classical conditioning must be defined and described.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classical conditioning is defined as: a process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response. Discovered by Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a form of learning. Pavlov revealed this trait when experimenting with dog’s amounts of saliva in response to meat. He started noticing that after many repetitions, the dogs were salivating before the meat was even introduced. Pavlov concluded that some other stimulus that was repetitively associated with the meat was triggering the salivation. This simple concept describes how many actions are carried out in society today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times classical conditioning is not something that is purposefully done, but rather an incidental outcome. Conditioning may take a variable amount of time to occur. For example, humans are not born associating red with stop. As we grow, and ride in cars, we begin to consciously or subconsciously figure out that when a stoplight is red-you stop. Stop signs are red, stoplight... Classical Conditioning Essay -- essays research papers Green Light Go, Red Light Stop   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classical conditioning shapes many of society’s common, everyday tasks. Whether we know it or not, many actions we do numerous times a day are a direct result of classical conditioning. To better understand why we act the way we do in society, classical conditioning must be defined and described.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classical conditioning is defined as: a process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response. Discovered by Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a form of learning. Pavlov revealed this trait when experimenting with dog’s amounts of saliva in response to meat. He started noticing that after many repetitions, the dogs were salivating before the meat was even introduced. Pavlov concluded that some other stimulus that was repetitively associated with the meat was triggering the salivation. This simple concept describes how many actions are carried out in society today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times classical conditioning is not something that is purposefully done, but rather an incidental outcome. Conditioning may take a variable amount of time to occur. For example, humans are not born associating red with stop. As we grow, and ride in cars, we begin to consciously or subconsciously figure out that when a stoplight is red-you stop. Stop signs are red, stoplight...

Karl Marx Classless Society Essay

This essay discusses the concept of a classless society according to Karl Marx. The first part aims at defining a class within the context of social class. It also defines the term classlessness. The second part focuses on the possibility of attaining and sustaining a classless society in this century. The first part of the essay starts by discussing what a class is. It then goes on to briefly discuss how classes came about, outlines the different classes and what or whom they constitute and finally briefly describes the concept of classlessness. The second part of the essays begins by discussing the concept of a classless society as defined by Karl Marx. This is followed by an assessment as to whether or not a classless society is attainable and sustainable in this century. Class The term class has several different definitions. It can be defined as the segment of a population that have similar social standings in society or a similar social status. That is, a group of people in society sharing broadly similar types and levels of resources, who possess similar styles of living and, some common perception of their collective condition. Alternatively, Marxists are not concerned with the ideas of individual workers about their position in society. They hold that a person’s class is not determined by the amount of wealth that he has, but by how he acquires it, as determined by his relation to labour and to the means of production. As defined by Lenin Vladimir I. â€Å"Classes are large groups of people differing from each other by the place they occupy in a historically determined system of social production, by their relation (in most cases fixed and formulated by law) to the means of production, by their role in the social organisation of labour, and, consequently, by the dimensions of the share of social wealth of which they dispose and their mode of acquiring it† (1965, p421). Class Struggle According to Marxist theory, there once existed a classless society which encompassed tribal society and primitive communism because everyone was poor and carried out the same type of work. Classes emerged only at a certain stage in the development of productive forces and the division of labour. This occurred when the transition to an agricultural society created the existence of surplus of production, which was more than enough to satisfy an individual’s needs at a particular time. It is this surplus production that brought about the development of classes in society, because the surplus could be used by the higher class. That is, the ruling class which did not participate in production. Types of Class â€Å"There are three great social groups, whose members†¦ live on wages, profit and ground rent respectively†. Karl Marx: 1971, p. 886). These three social groups or classes are: †¢the proletariat or working class, †¢the bourgeoisie or capitalist class, †¢the landlord class The Landlord Class Marxist-Leninists define the landlord class as that class which owns land and derives its income from ground rent on that land. Marx considered them a marginal class, progressively losing their importance with the development of capitalist society. Thus, in a developed capitalist society, there are still three basic social classes, but these are now the bourgeoisie; the petty bourgeoisie; and the proletariat: â€Å"Every capitalist country†¦ s basically divided into three main forces: the bourgeoisie, the petty bourgeoisie and the proletariat†. (Vladimir I. Lenin; 1964, p. 202). The Bourgeoisie These are the owners of capital. It is this capital that they use to buy and exploit labour power and then use the surplus value from employment of this labour power to accumulate or expand their capital. Marxist-Leninists define the bourgeoisie or capitalist class as â€Å"†¦ the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage labour†. (Friedrich Engels: Note to: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels: 1943; p. 04). Classlessness The term classlessness can be used to describe several different social situations occurring in society. Amongst these include; i. Societies in which classes have never developed. These being societies in which all people are considered equal, carry out similar economic roles and have never created a division of labour. ii. Societies where classes have been deliberately or voluntarily abolished such as is the case for the Israeli kibbutzes. Class analysis explains how modern capitalist society works and accounts for many of the other issues raised by the other approaches. But class analysis has been criticized as economically too deterministic and not able to explain changes in modern societies where people from different strata show mobility as they benefit from the dynamic organization of the capitalist economy. Another critique of class analysis is that, because of the focus on the production, it tends to ignore the fact that social stratification in society occurs along various planes and not just economic organization as. Others have identified stratification on the basis of gender, race, ethnicity as key to understanding most societies. From the above, a classless society can be explained as one where there is no private ownership and control/rights over property. That is, a society where the basis of class division in property has been eliminated through public ownership of the means of production. By implication, all value including surplus value created by labour is consumed collectively by the community. In accordance with the above analysis of Marx’s theory on class and classless society, and the occurrences of this century, it can be concluded that a classless society is not likely to be attained, nor sustained. This is because time and history have invalidated many of Karl Marx’s assumptions and predictions. For instance, capitalist ownership and control of production have been separated. Joint stock companies forming most of the industrial sector are now almost entirely operated by non-capital-owning managers. There is also the case of people in a society not only being employees of a company, but also owning capital, that is, shares in the company they work for. In such a situation, it is not expected that a revolution against the capitalist can take place as the worker is the capitalist. It would not be logical for a person to overthrow himself. Workers are divided and subdivided into different skill groups. They have not grown homogenous. Thus, it is quite difficult for the proletariat to start a revolution as each worker or skill group has different goals and values. That is, workers are not united and not all may be willing to participate in the overthrow of the capitalist. In addition, class stability has been undermined by the development of a large middle class and considerable social mobility. Instead of increasing extremes of wealth and poverty, there has been a social leveling. And finally, bourgeois political power has progressively weakened with growth in worker oriented legislation and of labor-oriented parties, and with a narrowing of the rights and privileges of capital ownership. Most important, the severest manifestation of conflict between workers and capitalist (the strike) has been institutionalized through collective bargaining legislation and the legalization of strikes. Furthermore, some of Marx’s predictions have not come to pass: Growth of capitalism. While Marx expected capitalism to expand and he understood the adaptability of capitalism to new conditions, he appears to have expected capitalism to eventually collapse. Today, capitalism has adapted and has created new means of expanding itself – through development of new technologies, new forms of organization, colonialism and imperialism, and new markets. Technology reducing profits. Marx predicted that as industry becomes more mechanised, using more constant capital and less variable capital, the rate of profit would fall. This is not the case in the current era as the increase and improvement in technology, has in turn brought about an increase in the quality and thus the value of goods and services. Thus, increasing profit. Increasing poverty of the working class. Marx expected the working class to become increasingly impoverished. Though there are tendencies in this direction and employers attempt to reduce wages, workers have been able to increase their wages, usually above subsistence levels in certain periods. Workers have done this through trade unions and through pressuring the state to improve working and living conditions.

History Of Ordnance Corps Essay

The Ordnance Corp is one of the oldest branches of the Army, established May 14, 1812. The U. S. Army Ordnance Department established from The Revolutionary War. General George Washington, the commander of the Continental Army, appointed Ezekiel Cheever to provide ordnance support to army in July 1775. Until 1779, all the armies had Ordnance personnel moving with them. They were civilians and Soldiers, served as conductors for maintenance – ammunition wagon and arms. Each conductor led five to six armorers who repaired small arms. In 1776, Board of War and Ordnance was created. In 1777, the first Ordnance facilities were established at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and the first arsenal and armory operations at Springfield, Massachusetts. Other arsenals and armories were also established at Harpers Ferry, Philadelphia, and Watertown. On May 14, 1812, the Ordnance Department was organized by Congress. The Ordnance Department was responsibility for arms and ammunition production, acquisition, distribution, and storage for the war. In 1832, the Ordnance Corps had new responsibilities for researching and development of field services. Good work of the Ordnance Department continully to developed and tested during the Mexican War. The Mexican War became the foundation for the massive logistics. During the American War, the Ordnance Corps was really tested and developed. The Ordnance Corps brought massive procurement of weapons and supplies, and providing field support for fast moving armies. In 1898, Spain War, the Ordnance Corps first deployed overseas and provided close-combat support. During World War I, the Ordnance Corps mobilized and developed weapons systems, organized Ordnance training facilities, and established overseas supply depots. In World War II saw dramatic expansion of the Ordnance mission of production, maintenance and training. In both Korea War and Vietnam War, the Ordnance Corps provided supplies and maintenance, and was active in the development of rockets, guided missiles and satellites. In modern U. S. Army Regimental System, the Ordnance Corps is organized under the whole branch concept. The Chief of Ordnance serves as the Regimental  Commander, and the Office Chief of Ordnance serves as Headquarters Ordnance Corps. The Ordnance Corps will be always supporting the development, production, acquisition and sustainment of weapons, ammunitions, missiles, electronics, and mobility to supporting combat power to the U. S. Army. The insignia of the Ordnance Corps is yellow color metal shell and flame. The Shell and Flame is considered the oldest branch insignia in the U. S. army. The Shell and Flame had been used by European armies before its adoption by the U. S. army. In fact, it is still used by European armies. This insignia was assigned to the Ordnance Corps in 1832. The branch colors are crimson and yellow. At first, the Ordnance Corps had a red trail, like Artillery. In 1851, Crimson was assigned to the Ordnance Corps. Then in 1902, it was changed to black and scarlet color. Then finally, in 1921, crimson and yellow were assigned to the Ordnance Corps again. The Act of May 14, 1812, recognized the Ordnance Corps. In 1936, the army Institute of Heraldry redesigned and standardized version of the Shell and Flame. Redesigned Shell and Flame remains the current version.

Free Essays on Charles Eastman

A huge part of Indian culture has always been their knack for oral tradition. It what creates a link between the past civilizations and the current one, making all cultures link together through the use of stories and events that went on? Oral tradition is scene in the book From the Deep Woods to Civilization. In this book, Charles A. Eastman, tells his autobiographical story of his life to the readers. Telling us about his story shares a bit of his culture with us, and the life he has lead. But this book touches on many aspects that typically Indian. A matter of fact, he stood at a point where he even battled his own Identity. This is common theme we encounter in our course. Eastman is constantly finding himself a book of contradictions. Contradicting his feelings towards all the cultures he encounters through his journey through life. Perhaps Eastman wouldn’t have found himself so confused if it weren’t for his family and their opposing views against each other. His family relationship represents a lot of confusion. His grandmother had raised Eastman because everyone had thought his father had passed away. One day, it was discovered that Eastman’s father never died and he returned back to the tribe. While talking with his son one day, he tells him how he has seen the world and thinks it would be a good idea for his son to leave the tribe and do the same. Eastman’s grandmother holds an opposing views. She thought it was important for him to stay and help their own tribe. I find that the white man has a well-grounded religion, and teachers his children the same virtues that our people taught theirs... I think the way of the white man is better than ours, because he’s able to preserve on paper the things he does not want to forget. He records everything- the sayings of his wise men, the laws enacted by his counselor. At the same time, Eastman’s grandmother did not like the idea of venturing out into the world, ... Free Essays on Charles Eastman Free Essays on Charles Eastman A huge part of Indian culture has always been their knack for oral tradition. It what creates a link between the past civilizations and the current one, making all cultures link together through the use of stories and events that went on? Oral tradition is scene in the book From the Deep Woods to Civilization. In this book, Charles A. Eastman, tells his autobiographical story of his life to the readers. Telling us about his story shares a bit of his culture with us, and the life he has lead. But this book touches on many aspects that typically Indian. A matter of fact, he stood at a point where he even battled his own Identity. This is common theme we encounter in our course. Eastman is constantly finding himself a book of contradictions. Contradicting his feelings towards all the cultures he encounters through his journey through life. Perhaps Eastman wouldn’t have found himself so confused if it weren’t for his family and their opposing views against each other. His family relationship represents a lot of confusion. His grandmother had raised Eastman because everyone had thought his father had passed away. One day, it was discovered that Eastman’s father never died and he returned back to the tribe. While talking with his son one day, he tells him how he has seen the world and thinks it would be a good idea for his son to leave the tribe and do the same. Eastman’s grandmother holds an opposing views. She thought it was important for him to stay and help their own tribe. I find that the white man has a well-grounded religion, and teachers his children the same virtues that our people taught theirs... I think the way of the white man is better than ours, because he’s able to preserve on paper the things he does not want to forget. He records everything- the sayings of his wise men, the laws enacted by his counselor. At the same time, Eastman’s grandmother did not like the idea of venturing out into the world, ...

Many of todays drivers have dangerous habits Essay

Many of todays drivers have dangerous habits - Essay Example One of the main reasons for this increase in figure is that people have very little regard for traffic laws and many have a poor road sense. Moreover, the condition of the roads is very poor and needs lot of improvement. No amount of booking cases and fining motorists can cure this menace. One incident that constantly reminds me of the ugly face of rash driving is from news clipping, when an old man was hit from the back on the highway while he was driving within the speed limit. He suffered a severe shock and when he climbed out of the car and attempted crawling to cross the road to reach a point of safety, none of the many motorists on the road stopped to help him. I have particularly pointed out this incident not because it was the case of an old man but because it was a case of inhumanity or human insensitivity. Drunken driving has shown a gradual rise over the years. No amount of cajoling or strictness has hampered the enthusiasts who enjoy driving after getting heavily drunk. It has been observed that such incidents increase especially on festive occasions. Everyday, 36 people in United States die, and approximately 700 more are injured in motor vehicle crashes because of alcohol impaired drivers. This demands a zero tolerance laws against drunk drivers. Laws for the road should be followed with more determination. According to some members of the law and administration branch, fast driving does not mean rash driving. Thus, in case of an accident, it needs to be seen whether the driver was driving fast or rash. Rash and negligent driving accounts to the maximum percentage of life-claiming accidents all over the world. Next is the crop of under-age drivers who very often violate the traffic rules. The best possible way to address this road safety hazard is to educate both the parents and the children on road safety and bring about more strict rules for such offences which cradle under the term childish. About 30% of crashes killing young

Law report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law report - Essay Example Complicating matters for the yacht owners and the master, Rule C goes on to state that: †¦Demurrage, loss of market, and any loss or damage sustained or expense incurred by reason of delay, whether on the voyage or subsequently, and any indirect loss whatsoever, shall not be allowed as general average (York-Antwerp Rules, Rule C). It is therefore clear, that neither the master nor the yacht’s owners may claim as general average acts, the damages sustained upon the master’s discharge of the ship. However, this does not preclude general average acts. It only means that damages for delay and damages related to lost charters are exempted from general average acts. The damages sustained to the ship during the discharge are recoverable because, although those damages were sustained after the salvage operations were conducted they can still be regarded as direct consequence of the salvage operations under Rule A of the Antwerp Rules, 2004. ... foresees that it is possible, â€Å"then the subsequent accident does not break the chain of causation† (Australian Coastal Shipping Commission v Green and Others, 357). In such a case, the subsequent accident is a direct consequence of the general average act and is claimable as a general average act. In this regard, having intended to carry the ship to Southampton, the master must have contemplated that a change in those plans, following a fire would have incurred the risk of subsequent accidents. This is particularly so when the ship was placed on dry dock, which was not a part of the original plans and certainly not in contemplation of the master. Now faced with the necessity of having to place a ship on an unplanned dry dock following a fire, the master must have reasonably foreseen that subsequent accidents were possible. Moreover, the yacht was placed on dry dock as a direct consequence of the fire damages incurred while on the original journey. Therefore, the damages s ustained in the course of continuing the rescue of the distressed ship was a continuation of the salvage operations and therefore the general average acts continued at that particular point. The owners may therefore claim general average acts in respect of the damages sustained during the master’s discharge. The master however, is unable to claim special damages in respect of delay and loss of earnings as a result of the delay. This is because the concept of general average arises out of the imposed duty for all parties with an interest in a general average act to contribute to the cost of salvaging a distressed ship. The law of general average acts function together with the law of salvage and â€Å"sue and labour† and culminate to regulate the act of â€Å"saving (Mukherjee, 22). It is possible for